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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00007_Field_frep54.txt
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1996-12-30
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74 lines
Our increasing knowledge of
the working of the visual cortex
has come from a combination of
strategies. Even in the late
1950s, the physiological method
of recording from single cells
was starting to tell us roughly
what the cells were doing in
the daily life of an animal, at a
time when little progress was
being made in the detailed
wiring diagram. In the past few
decades both fields, physiology
and anatomy, have gone ahead
in parallel, each borrowing
techniques and using new
information from the other.
I have sometimes heard it
said that the nervous system
consists of huge numbers of
random connections. Although
its orderliness is indeed not
always obvious, I nevertheless
suspect that those who speak of
random networks in the
nervous system are not
constrained by any previous
exposure to neuroanatomy.
Even a glance at a book such as
Cajal's Histologie du Système
Nerveux should be enough to
convince anyone that the
enormous complexity of the
nervous system is almost always
accompanied by a compelling
degree of orderliness. When we
look at the orderly arrays of
cells in the brain, the
impression is the same as when
we look at a telephone
exchange, a printing press, or
the inside of a TV set--that the
orderliness surely serves some
purpose. When confronted with
a human invention, we have
little doubt that the whole
machine and its separate parts
have understandable functions.
To understand them we need
only read a set of instructions.
In biology we develop a similar
faith in the functional validity
and even ultimately in the
understandability of structures
that were not invented, but
were perfected through
millions of years of evolution.
The problem of the
neurobiologist (to be sure, not
the only problem) is to learn
how the order and complexity
relate to the function.
To begin, I want to give you a
simplified view of what the
nervous system is like--how it
is built up, the way it works,
and how we go about studying it.
I will describe typical nerve
cells and the structures that
are built from them.